Genetic Testing for Pets

Identifying and Reducing Inherited Diseases with Tests

DNA-based detection of genes that may cause disease isn’t just for people. Dog and cat breeders can also utilize the tests to determine coat color but more importantly as way to help reduce disorders believed to be inherited by specific breeds and produce happy, healthy pets.  

What are Genetic Disorders?

Inherited defects are passed on from one or both parents to a child or — in this case — puppy or kitten. Many breeds of purebred dogs have some genetic problems but there is good news. According to the Canine Inherited Disorder Database, the role played by genes in disease is not only more understood but is the subject of regular research.

That means pets can undergo specific testing for a whole host of possible diseases associated with their breed before producing offspring.

How Defects are Inherited  

Breed predisposition — when a certain breed is more susceptible to disease — can be reduced through testing. Veterinarians can help determine which diseases your animal should be tested for. The results will allow breeders to avoid breeding animals that carry flawed genes. However, it’s actually left up to the breeder to be responsible and decide what flaws they want to avoid. 

Look for Databases and Certificates

Results of tests such as PK (pyruvate kinase) can be registered with the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals. The non-profit organization maintains a broad database on orthopedic and genetic diseases of animals in an effort to reduce genetic diseases such as hip and elbow dysplasia as well as cardiac and thyroid diseases among others.

The Canine Eye Registration Foundation is a registry run by the Veterinary Medical DataBases formed by veterinary ophthalmologists to reduce hereditary disease in purebreds and hybrids. Results submitted to the site are updated monthly.

Prospective pet owners can also inquire whether breeders have had parents tested for common genetic diseases. Ask for proof of testing, as companies that offer genetic testing provide results via certificates.

How Genetic Testing Works

Breeders can find a company that conducts genetic testing through their veterinarian. Robert Loechel, chief scientific officer for VetGen Veterinary Genetic Services based in Ann Arbor Mich., says a test doesn’t exist for every common condition known to pet. However new tests based on regular research are constantly on the horizon.

VetGen collaborates with Optigen, a company that conducts tests for heredity eye diseases, which are all too common in purebreds. Here’s how DNA testing works:

• Using a test kit supplied in the mail from VetGen, swap the inside of the dog’s mouth using the soft-bristle brushes.
• Mail the DNA sample back to VetGen.
• Once the samples are received, VetGen will provide results within two weeks.
• Test will classify dogs into clear, carrier or affected categories.

The Color of Genes, Too

Genetic testing companies such as VetGen also offer screenings for coat color genes in dogs. This allows breeders to choose mates that will produce offspring with predicable color coats such as silver labs and apricot poodles.

Breeding Aside

While most DNA testing is done for breeding purposes there are other circumstances where other owners might want to consider.

For example, Dr. Cori Gross, a field veterinarian for VPI Pet Insurance, says that in Persian cats, where Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) is more common, it would be a good idea to test the kitten for the gene (especially if the mother was diagnosed with the disease). Another circumstance where testing would be appropriate is in the case of a Maine Coon patient, where a veterinarian can test for a genetic predisposition to Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.

“Knowing if these patients are at risk means that we can choose to be more aggressive with future diagnostic tests and that the owner should be on the lookout for certain symptoms,” says Gross.

Ask your veterinarian for more details about genetic testing specific to your pet’s breed.

What does a veterinarian think? Read more about canine DNA testing.

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